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1.
Wacker oxidation is an industry-adopted process to transform olefins into value-added epoxides and carbonyls. However, traditional Wacker oxidation involves the use of homogeneous palladium and copper catalysts for the olefin addition and reductive elimination. Here, we demonstrated an ultrahigh loading Cu single atom catalyst(14% Cu, mass fraction) for the palladium-free Wacker oxidation of 4-vinylanisole into the corresponding ketone with N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as an additive under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies by 18O and deuterium isotope labelling revealed a hydrogen shift mechanism in this palladium-free process using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as the oxygen source. The reaction scope can be further extended to Kucherov oxidation. Our study paves the way to replace noble metal catalysts in the traditional homogeneous processes with single atom catalysts. 相似文献
2.
利用分子动力学方法模拟计算了单晶铜中纳米孔洞在沿〈111〉晶向冲击加载下增长的早期过程.测量发现不同加载强度下等效孔洞半径随时间近似成线性变化.观测到单孔洞增长的两种位错生长机理:加载强度较低时,只在沿着冲击加载方向的孔洞顶点附近区域有位错的成核和运动;而随着加载强度超过一定阈值,在沿冲击加载和其垂直方向的孔洞顶点区域都观察到位错的成核和运动.在前一种机理作用下,孔洞只沿加载方向增长;在后一种机理作用下,孔洞同时沿加载和垂直于加载方向增长.分析孔洞表面原子的位移历史,发现沿加载及与其垂直方向的孔洞顶点沿径向的速度基本恒定,由此提出了一个孔洞生长模型,可以解释孔洞增长的线性生长规律.
关键词:
纳米孔洞
分子动力学
冲击加载
位错 相似文献
3.
4.
Kurt Majewski 《Queueing Systems》2005,50(2-3):199-230
We consider multiclass feedforward queueing networks under first in first out and priority service disciplines driven by long-range dependent arrival and service time processes. We show that in critical loading the normalized workload, queue length and sojourn time processes can converge to a multi-dimensional reflected fractional Brownian motion. This weak heavy traffic approximation is deduced from a deterministic pathwise approximation of the network behavior close to constant critical load in terms of the solution of a Skorokhod problem. Since we model the doubly infinite time interval, our results directly cover the stationary case.AMS subject classification: primary 90B15, secondary 60K25, 68M20 相似文献
5.
In this paper we describe the design and manufacture of an axial-torsion test specimen, and provide relationships needed when
conducting stress-strain characterization experiments with the specimen. The specimen is a short hollow cylinder of rubber
bonded between two steel mounting rings, in which simultaneous axial and shear strains are produced via independently controlled
axial and twist displacements. We present calculations for the strain-displacement and stress-load relationships, and strain
energy density. These relationships have been established and validated via a combination of analytical and experimental techniques,
and finite element analysis. We have investigated the extent and effects of strain and stress field non-uniformity in the
test specimen. The specimen design is sufficiently simple that a closed-form expression for the strain-displacement relationship
has been successfully developed. 相似文献
6.
W. Hufenbach R. Böhm A. Langkamp L. Kroll T. Ritschel 《Mechanics of Composite Materials》2006,42(2):151-162
The basic damage and failure models of multiaxially reinforced composites with a thermoplastic matrix are presented and verified.
Within the framework of continuum damage mechanics, a phenomenological model is introduced, where the damage is defined as
a change in the elasticity tensor. For damage identification, a specific ultrasonic device was developed. A combination of
an immersion set-up and a contact coupling device formed a system for an efficient determination of stiffness-tensor components
from convenient sets of velocity measurements. Linked to a tensile machine, it allowed us to measure the anisotropic damage
of the new materials group caused by tensile loading.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 221–234, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
7.
Two tests for multivariate conditional heteroscedastic models are proposed. One is based on the cross-correlations of standardized squared residuals and the other is a score (Lagrange multiplier) test. The cross-correlations test can be used to detect the presence of multivariate conditional heteroscedasticity whereas the other test can be used for diagnostic checking. Simulation studies on the size and power of the test statistics are reported. The application of the tests is illustrated by an example using the S & P 500 and Sydney All Ordinary Indexes. 相似文献
8.
应用电磁线路中涨落耗散理论,推导了不同温度均匀二半空间接触后产生辐射场密度的公式。将此公式近似展开后,即得Grover和Urtiew所获得的表示式,不过多了一松弛项,该项如用非富里叶热传导理论推导,也是存在的。该结果和实验结果一致,不过这里的松驰时间可以应用介质性质进行计算。 相似文献
9.
Summary We discuss a null experiment to search for the fifth force at ranges around 10 km. It is proposed to use a three-axis gravity
gradiometer to measure the trace of the Earth gravity tensor from a freely falling elevator dropped by a balloon. The main
error sources are considered to some extent.
Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990. 相似文献
10.
F. Herfurth K. Blaum S. Eliseev O. Kester H.-J. Kluge S. Koszudowski C. Kozhuharov G. Maero D. Neidherr W. Quint S. Schwarz S. Stahl G. Vorobjev 《Hyperfine Interactions》2006,173(1-3):93-101
A decelerator will be installed at GSI in order to provide and study heavy nuclei without or with only few electrons at very
low energies or even at rest. Highly-charged ions will be produced by stripping at relativistic energies. After electron cooling
and deceleration in the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) the ions are ejected out of the storage ring at 4 MeV/u and further
decelerated in a combination of linear accelerator structures operated in reverse. Finally, they are injected into a Penning
trap where the ions are cooled to 4 K by electron cooling in combination with resistive cooling. From here, the ions can be
transferred in a quasi DC or in a pulsed mode to different experimental setups. This article describes the technical concepts
of this project focused on the Penning trap.
相似文献